Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) has been proposed as a nutraceutical to prevent age-related physiological decline and has been shown to improve diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease, enhance aerobic capacity, and exhibit beneficial effects on the heart and Blood vessels are protective.
It suppresses inflammation and reduces oxidative stress, prevents arterial and endothelial dysfunction, and protects against heart failure, ischemia, and reperfusion.
1. The long-standing anti-aging effect
Aging is a perennial topic, and the classification of aging as a disease or a natural and common process is considered controversial.
It is recognized that the decline in NAD+ levels in various tissues during aging plays a key role in the pathophysiology of multiple diseases,
including age-related metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and psychiatric disorders.
Telomere length is an important biomarker of aging and shortens during aging.
Considering that telomere length is a molecular indicator of aging, the researchers studied telomere length in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) after NMN ingestion in pre-aging mice and human volunteers (age: 45-60 years).
All human participants were instructed to take NMN (300 mg/day/person) once daily with warm water 30 minutes after breakfast for 90 days.
In presenescent mice, telomere length increased significantly after 40 days of NMN supplementation (Figure A). Increased telomere length was also observed in presenescent human volunteers after 30 days of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide supplementation (Figure B).
Complementary effects of NMN on telomere length in (A) presenescent mice ( n = 6) and (B) presenescent human volunteers ( n = 8) peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).
Indicates significant difference at p < 0.05. **Indicates significant difference at p < 0.01.
The current study demonstrates that NMN promotes telomere elongation in aged mice, pre-aging mice, and humans.
2.Health care effects of NMN
The beneficial effects of NMN primarily attributed to increasing NAD+ levels,
thereby enabling the activity of Sirtuins and their potential targets.
01. Anti-inflammatory effect of NMN
Boosting NAD+ reduces inflammation. Inflammation an adaptive process that occurs when the body continually exposed to harmful stimuli. Recent studies have shown that inflammation is closely related to tumor proliferation and migration as well as many other diseases,
and macrophages play an important role in the initiation, maintenance, and resolution of inflammation by producing various cytokines and growth factors.
There is good evidence that administration of NMN can increase cellular NAD + and suppress adipose tissue inflammation,
studies have shown that NMN can inactivate macrophages,
and NMN supplementation is an effective method to control macrophage activation in the treatment of chronic inflammation.
02. The health-care effect of NMN on diabetes
Hyperglycemia, the hallmark of diabetes, leads to a redox imbalance between NAD+ and NADH ratios, leading to oxidative stress and multiple metabolic syndromes.
In one study, NMN shown to an effective intervention in treating the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes. Intraperitoneal injection of NMN (500 mg/kg body weight/day for 11 days) significantly improved impaired glucose tolerance and enhanced hepatic insulin sensitivity in a diet- and age-induced diabetes model. NMN treatment, in addition to increasing NAD+ levels that decline with age, restored the phenotype of aged mice and improved glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in aged wild-type mice.
In a trial of postmenopausal women with obesity and prediabetes,
oral NMN supplementation (250 mg/day for 10 weeks) increased NAD+ content in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and improved skeletal muscle of insulin signaling and sensitivity.
03. NMN can improve intestinal health
The gut microbiota plays an important physiological role in host metabolic homeostasis, hormone secretion, and brain function. NMN can selectively stimulate the growth of beneficial bacteria such as bifidobacteria and lactobacilli. These bacteria linked improved gut health, including preventing diarrhea, improving intestinal barrier function, reducing inflammation and supporting immune system.
Additionally, activation of sirtuins by NAD+ precursors may also contribute to beneficial effects on the gut microbiota and gut health. Sirtuins involved in regulating the intestinal microbiota and protecting intestinal endothelial cells from oxidative damage.
NMN also improves gut barrier function,
which is important in preventing harmful bacteria and toxins from transferring from the gut into the bloodstream.
04. NMN can improve Alzheimer’s disease
A significant physiological feature of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondria are the energy centers of cells and provide most of the ATP needed by cells through oxidative phosphorylation reactions. Mitochondria also regulate the overall quality of mitochondria and cellular ATP homeostasis through autophagy reactions,
playing an important role in the survival and normal function of neurons.
Studies have shown that due to impaired autophagy function, the number of mitochondria in the hippocampus of AD patients is significantly higher than that in other tissues. Researchers supplemented appropriate amounts NMN transgenic nematodes and mice with damaged neurons,
and found that mitophagy function restored and memory impairment in nematodes and mice improved. At the same time, increased NAD+ levels improved mitochondrial dysfunction and reduced neuronal death.
NMN relatively safe among NAD+ precursors discovered so far. Research shows that 500 mg of NMN is safe and well tolerated by the human body. NMN has the potential to used as a raw material for pharmaceuticals and health care products.
We provide high-quality β-nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) raw materials.
Gute Biotechnology committed to the innovative research and development of high value-added raw materials, important pharmaceutical intermediates and cosmetic raw materials. The production technologies such as glutathione and β-nicotinamide mononucleotide developed by it are internationally leading. On October 25-26, Gute Biotech will go to Las Vegas, USA to participate in the 2023 North American Food Ingredients Exhibition, and we look forward to meeting you in Las Vegas.
